The challenges
When undertaking this research, we had to consider:
- Large number of small microgrids or non-interconnected electricity systems
- The high cost of supply to regional towns
- The smaller the system, the more vulnerable it is to high levels of solar installation
Using the latest energy tech
Our trials used virtual power plant technology to connect and coordinate customer PV systems and optimise the use of batteries. This had benefits for our customers and our Horizon Power systems.
We tested energy data gathering, sky camera and meteorological data gathering equipment, as well as forecasting systems, residential battery storage and inverters with remote monitoring and control devices.
We collected and analysed data from the trial to develop recommendations to better manage fluctuations in solar PV and battery systems.
The results
We have completed our reporting and recommendations to improve the way we manage Distributed Energy Resources as part of WA’s energy transition.
We learned more about the impact of large numbers of solar and battery systems connected to the network, which can help us to improve our products and services and increase solar rooftop capacity.
The research findings are available through the ARENA Knowledge Bank. Further reports will be added throughout 2021.
What did we learn
Ways to address network stability issues
Data from the trial has helped us to analyse the impact of rapid uptake of solar on our network.
Technologies such as feed-in management and the use of inverter power quality modes will be analysed to explore the best approach to address network stability issues in future.
Testing 100% renewable energy
During our research on the Gibson Street feeder in Carnarvon, we increased the levels of solar on the network, which allowed us to disconnect it from the rest of the network.
For extended periods of time, the Gibson Street feeder operated on its own using purely renewable energy, which allowed us to test all of the technical considerations to safely and reliably run other systems solely on renewables.
Solar and weather forecasting
A team of researchers from Murdoch University has been using data science to explore the value of solar forecasting and DER export flexibility to make the most of opportunities for distributed renewable energy generation and the impact of cloud fluctuations on the network and power station.
They will use this data to make recommendations on how we can increase our hosting capacity and allow more of our Horizon Power customers to connect rooftop solar.
Award-winning energy trial
- Energy Smart Communities Initiatives' (ESCI) Best Practice Awards
- Silver award in the Smart Grids category
- Shared with our research partners, Murdoch University
The award for this Distributed Energy Resources trial was presented at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation meeting in Chile in October 2019.
Customers will begin to play an important part in delivering energy into their communities.
We’re moving away from predominately centralised generation to predominantly decentralised delivery of energy into our networks.
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What problem are we trying to solve?
The visualisation below is generated from data collected from the PV systems of trial participants; each coloured bar represents the renewable energy output of a PV system. The PV systems are different sizes, so they are shown here as 0 – 100% output. Together they are representative of approximately 3.3 MW of PV currently connected to the Carnarvon network. The data has been combined with sky camera and meteorological data to show the variations in solar PV generation as clouds move across the town on a typical cloudy day. This visualisation shows one day compressed into a minute and highlights the number of cloud events and the depth of impact on the renewable energy generated in one day.
The visualisation below shows a hypothetical DER Management System performing Feed-in Management at peak solar generation time when electrical demand is low. A temporary percentage limit is applied equitably to all the Feed-in Manageable systems.
Feed-in Management can be used to limit the power that solar systems are exporting back to the grid to preserve network power quality or prevent the generators from being damaged. Homes or businesses with batteries can use this Feed-in Management time to charge their battery or increase their electrical load, such as a pool pump or hot water heating. Developing and testing Feed-in Management strategies were part of the Carnarvon DER trials.
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Why is there a limit on solar capacity?
High volumes can impact power supply
In short, a high volume of renewables, particularly in a small town, can cause issues with the power supply.
We need to carefully manage the renewable energy connected to the grid to ensure it doesn't impact the reliability of power supplies to all of our customers.Carnarvon, for example, has had a strong association with PV uptake since 2006. In fact, the levels of distributed generation on the network are more than 50% of the average daily load.
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How did the trial work?
Our project team worked with Reposit Power in Canberra to develop modes of operation for Virtual Power Plant management of Distributed Energy Resources in a microgrid setting. This was done to explore how we could use this technology to address some of the power quality issues created by very high levels of renewable energy generation.
Held over three years, these Distributed Energy Resource trials tested distributed energy systems through a variety of behind-the-meter energy systems tests, which aimed to better understand how to manage the variability of renewable energy and its impact on the network. The aim is that ultimately, we can find ways to increase PV system penetration throughout all of our remote networks.
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How were Horizon Power customers involved?
We chose Carnarvon for these cutting-edge trials because the community has a long history of embracing innovation, with the first privately-owned solar farm in Western Australia and record uptake of PV across homes and businesses.
We recruited 116 Horizon Power customers in Carnarvon with a rooftop solar PV system. These customers had a Smart Monitor device(s) installed at their property which allowed us to monitor their energy consumption to determine:
- The amount of solar PV energy generated
- The amount of solar energy consumed by the customer
- The amount of conventional energy imported from the network, at any particular time of the day
Separately, metering PV from the load of these 116 premises provided high quality data that showed the effect of cloud events on individual solar PV systems and across the network.
Trial participants recruited through a competition held in the town received a Distributed Energy Resources system consisting of solar panels, a solar inverter, battery and battery inverter, Distributed Energy Resource control technology and a Wattwatchers device so they can monitor their system performance. Six other trial participants on the Gibson feeder received battery systems to augment their existing PV systems.
In return for the equipment, participants gave us access to their system for three years so that we could test:
- Distributed Energy Resource visibility and control
- How much of their renewable energy they use in their house
- How they could use the battery to manage their peak demand and save money on their electricity bill
- How we can communicate with their PV and battery system to achieve orchestration of these assets as part of network optimisation
Each of our participants' systems were fitted with monitor and control technology that allowed us to gather PV and battery performance data. We married this data with weather data, power station performance and network operation data.
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What happened with the data?
This trial allowed us to create a database of information for power system analysis during the work of the trials. The data collected data will only be accessible to industry partners who are working closely with Horizon Power and have entered into strict confidentiality agreements to ensure customer privacy.
Analysis of the data collected from the participant's Distributed Energy Resource systems provided valuable insight into the way fluctuations in solar PV generation impact the network operation by clearly showing the interaction between the solar PV inverters and the network.
Our research partners from Murdoch University's School of Engineering and Information Technology analysed the data and developed recommendations for improving control strategies to better manage the PV and battery systems.
Data collected from participants' DDistributed Energy Resource systems will be carefully analysed to develop control algorithms and integration techniques that can be used to better manage Distributed Energy Resources on our networks.
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Who were our partners?
Our funding partner was the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) through their Advancing Renewables Programme. Our research partners include Murdoch University, Solar Analytics, Wattwatchers, Energy Matters and Reposit Power.
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